Heat waves (HWs) can cause large socioeconomic and environmental impacts. The
observed increases in their frequency, intensity and duration are projected to continue with …

Climate change has been partially mitigated by an increasing net land carbon sink in the
terrestrial biosphere; understanding the processes that drive this sink is thus essential for …

Drought-associated woody-plant mortality has been increasing in most regions with multi-
decadal records and is projected to increase in the future, impacting terrestrial climate …

Green water—terrestrial precipitation, evaporation and soil moisture—is fundamental to
Earth system dynamics and is now extensively perturbed by human pressures at continental …

Regardless of annual rainfall amount changes, daily rainfall events are becoming more
intense but less frequent with anthropogenic warming. Larger rainfall events and longer dry …

Abstract Theory predicts that rising CO2 increases global photosynthesis, a process known
as CO2 fertilization, and that this is responsible for much of the current terrestrial carbon …

Despite the growing interest in predicting global and regional trends in vegetation
productivity in response to a changing climate, changes in water constraint on vegetation …

Drylands are an essential component of the Earth System and are among the most
vulnerable to climate change. In this Review, we synthesize observational and modelling …