Since its founding in 1993 the International Long-term Ecological Research Network (ILTER)
has gone through pronounced development phases. The current network comprises 44 …

Despite substantial conservation efforts, the loss of ecosystems continues globally, along
with related declines in species and nature's contributions to people. An effective ecosystem …

Phosphorus limitation on terrestrial plant growth is being incorporated into Earth system
models. The global pattern of terrestrial phosphorus limitation, however, remains unstudied …

Human activities are enriching many of Earth's ecosystems with biologically limiting mineral
nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). In grasslands, this enrichment generally …

Ecological models predict that the effects of mammalian herbivore exclusion on plant
diversity depend on resource availability and plant exposure to ungulate grazing over …

Concern about the functional consequences of unprecedented loss in biodiversity has
prompted biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) research to become one of the most …

Wild large herbivores are declining worldwide. Despite extensive use of exclosure
experiments to investigate herbivore impacts, there is little consensus on the effects of wild …

Sparked by reports of insect declines of unexpected extent, there has been a surge in the
compilation and analysis of insect time series data. While this effort has led to valuable …

Causal inferences from experimental data are often justified based on treatment
randomization. However, inferring causality from data also requires complementary causal …

The theory of “top-down” ecological regulation predicts that herbivory suppresses plant
abundance, biomass, and survival but increases diversity through the disproportionate …