Global warming and associated precipitation changes will negatively impact on many
agricultural ecosystems. Major food production areas are expected to experience reduced …

Stomata are cellular breathing pores on leaves that open and close to absorb photosynthetic
carbon dioxide and to restrict water loss through transpiration, respectively. Grasses …

The main route for CO2 and water vapor exchange between a plant and the environment is
through small pores called stomata. The accessibility of stomata and predictable division …

Grasses began to diversify in the late Cretaceous Period and now dominate more than one
third of global land area, including three-quarters of agricultural land. We hypothesize that …

Plants optimize carbon assimilation while limiting water loss by adjusting stomatal aperture.
In grasses, a developmental innovation—the addition of subsidiary cells (SCs) flanking two …

Controlling the orientation of cell division is fundamental to the development of complex
body plans. This is particularly apparent in plants, where development is determined by …

Grass stomata can balance gas exchange and evaporation effectively in rapidly changing
environments via their unique anatomical features. Although the key components of stomatal …

To generate the various tissues and organs that build up the adult body, plants and animals
require organized formative cell divisions and correct cell specification. In plants, these …

Grass stomata recruit lateral subsidiary cells (SCs), which are key to the unique stomatal
morphology and the efficient plant-atmosphere gas exchange in grasses. Subsidiary mother …

The unique morphology of grass stomata enables rapid responses to environmental
changes. Deciphering the basis for these responses is critical for improving food security …