The development of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies has been instrumental in
advancing the field of immunotherapy. Despite the prominence of these treatments, many …

As the aging population continues to grow rapidly, age-related diseases are becoming an
increasing burden on the healthcare system and a major concern for the well-being of …

Ischemic heart disease invariably leads to devastating damage to human health.
Nicotinamide ribose (NR), as one of the precursors of NAD+ synthesis, has been discovered …

CD38 is a crucial NADase in mammalian tissues that degrades NAD+ and thus regulates
cellular NAD+ levels. Abnormal CD38 expression is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction …

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide provides the critical redox pair, NAD+ and NADH, for
cellular energy metabolism. In addition, NAD+ is the precursor for de novo NADP+ synthesis …

Immunometabolism plays a central role in sustaining immune system functionality and
preserving physiological homeostasis within the organism. During the differentiation and …

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is required for a myriad of metabolic, signaling,
and post-translational events in cells. Its levels in tissues and organs are closely associated …

Cardiorenal diseases represent a complex interplay between heart failure and renal
dysfunction, being clinically classified as cardiorenal syndromes (CRS). Recently, the …

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a promising anti-aging molecule that plays a
role in cellular energy metabolism and maintains redox homeostasis. Additionally, NAD+ is …

Background and Objective Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is often the underlying cause of
endothelium breakdown and damage in cardiac or transplantation operations, which can …