Human schistosomes combat the unique immune systems of two vastly different hosts
during their indirect life cycles. In gastropod molluscs, they face a potent innate immune …

This review reexamines the results obtained in recent decades regarding the compatibility
polymorphism between the snail, Biomphalaria glabrata, and the pathogen, Schistosoma …

Biomphalaria snails are instrumental in transmission of the human blood fluke Schistosoma
mansoni. With the World Health Organization's goal to eliminate schistosomiasis as a global …

Non-self recognition with the consequent tolerance or immune reaction is a crucial process
to succeed as living organisms. At the same time the interactions between host species and …

The study of molluscan immune systems, in particular those of bivalve molluscs (eg, clams,
oysters, scallops, mussels), has experienced great growth in recent decades, mainly due to …

Every animal secretes mucus, placing them among the most diverse biological materials.
Mucus hydrogels are complex mixtures of water, ions, carbohydrates, and proteins …

Discoveries made over the past ten years have provided evidence that invertebrate
antiparasitic responses may be primed in a sustainable manner, leading to the failure of a …

Background Biomphalaria pfeifferi is the world's most widely distributed and commonly
implicated vector snail species for the causative agent of human intestinal schistosomiasis …

Microbial symbionts can affect host phenotypes and, thereby, ecosystem functioning. The
microbiome is increasingly being recognized as an important player in the tripartite …

C-type lectins are important immune molecules that participate in host defense response.
The present work reports a novel C-type lectin (PcLec3) from the red swamp crayfish …