A historical perspective on estradiol's enhancement of cognitive function is presented, and
research, primarily in animals, but also in humans, is reviewed. Data regarding the …

Traditionally sex hormones have been associated with reproductive and developmental
processes only. Since the 1950s we know that hormones can have organizational effects on …

The human menopause transition and aging are each associated with an increase in a
variety of health risk factors including, but not limited to, cardiovascular disease …

There is ample empirical evidence to support the notion that the biological impacts of
estrogen extend beyond the gonads to other bodily systems, including the brain and …

Females are more vulnerable than males to many aspects of cocaine use disorder. This
vulnerability also translates to opioid use disorder, with females exhibiting stronger …

The pros and cons of estrogen therapy for use in postmenopausal women continue to be a
major topic of debate in women's health. Much of this debate focuses on the potential …

While a great deal of research has been performed on the long-term genomic actions of
estrogens, their rapid effects and implications for learning and memory are less well …

Clinical research has demonstrated a significant sex difference in the occurrence of
depressive disorders. Beginning at pubertal onset, women report a higher incidence of …

This article is part of a Special Issue “Estradiol and cognition”. Estrogens are becoming well
known for their robust enhancement on cognition particularly for learning and memory that …

Acute effects of estrogens on mnemonic processes were examined at the behavioral and
neurochemical levels. 17β-estradiol and 17α-estradiol influences on memory consolidation …