Regardless of annual rainfall amount changes, daily rainfall events are becoming more
intense but less frequent with anthropogenic warming. Larger rainfall events and longer dry …

Two foundational questions about sustainability are “How are ecosystems and the services
they provide going to change in the future?” and “How do human decisions affect these …

This chapter assesses the state of physical, biological and social knowledge concerning the
Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere, how they are affected by climate change, and …

Decreased precipitation significantly suppressed the nutrient provisioning, microbial growth
efficiency, LOM decomposition, and thus, the averaging multifunctionality by 42.6%(p< …

The impact of more extreme climate conditions under global warming on soil organic carbon
(SOC) dynamics remains unquantified. Here we estimate the response of SOC to climate …

The sensitivity of tropical forest carbon to climate is a key uncertainty in predicting global
climate change. Although short-term drying and warming are known to affect forests, it is …

We review results from field experiments that simulate drought, an ecologically impactful
global change threat that is predicted to increase in magnitude, extent, duration and …

Temperate forests cover 16% of the global forest area. Within these forests, the understorey
is an important biodiversity reservoir that can influence ecosystem processes and functions …

The terrestrial biosphere is a key component of the global carbon cycle and its carbon
balance is strongly influenced by climate. Continuing environmental changes are thought to …

Precipitation (PPT) is a primary climatic determinant of plant growth and aboveground net
primary production (ANPP) over much of the globe. Thus, PPT–ANPP relationships are …