Animal models are commonly used in the preclinical development of new drugs to predict
the metabolic behaviour of new compounds in humans. It is, however, important to realise …

Pharmacogenetics is the study of how interindividual variations in the DNA sequence of
specific genes affect drug response. This article highlights current pharmacogenetic …

Cytochromes P450 (P450s) 3A, 2C, and 1A2 constitute the major “pieces” of the human liver
P450 “pie” and account, on average, for 40, 25, and 18%, respectively, of total …

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in extrahepatic tissues often play a dominant role in
target tissue metabolic activation of xenobiotic compounds. They may also determine drug …

The occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms has increased significantly in many regions of the
world in the last century due to water eutrophication. These blooms are hazardous to …

Objective Although the human small intestine serves primarily as an absorptive organ for
nutrients and water, it also has the ability to metabolise drugs. Interest in the small intestine …

This article reviews the metabolic pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions with the systemic
antifungal agents: the azoles ketoconazole, miconazole, itraconazole and fluconazole, the …

Numerous members of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) superfamily are induced after exposure
to a variety of xenobiotics in human liver. We have gained considerable mechanistic insights …

Human small intestine epithelial cells (enterocytes) provide the first site for cytochrome P-
450 (CYP)-catalyzed metabolism of orally ingested xenobiotics. The CYP composition of …

At present, the methods and enzymology of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) lag
behind that of the cytochromes P450 (CYPs). About 15 human UGTs have been identified …