Pesticides released to the environment can indirectly affect target and non-target species in
ways that are often contrary to their intended use. Such indirect effects are mediated through …

The ecosystem response to the 1989 spill of oil from the Exxon Valdez into Prince William
Sound, Alaska, shows that current practices for assessing ecological risks of oil in the …

Each year ecotoxicological problems become increasingly complex and encompass
broader spatial and temporal scales. Our practical understanding must evolve accordingly to …

Contaminants such as petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals and pesticides can cause
direct toxic effects when released into aquatic environments. Sensitive species may be …

Many factors influence metal speciation in freshwaters. Metal species that are more soluble
are considered more bioavailable and toxic. However, evaluation of metal speciation in …

Virtually all species live within complex food webs, and many of these organisms are
exposed to contaminants. However, we know little about how community processes, such as …

Abstract Four copper (0, 250, 500, and 750 kg Cu· haa− 1) and pH (4.0, 4.7, 5.4, and 6.1 in 1
M KCl) treatments were applied to an arable agroecosystem. Effects on the nematode …

Following the oil spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska, in 1989, effects were observed
across a wide range of habitats and species. The data allow us to evaluate direct and …

A unique presentation that unifies the field, this book brings together concepts and
information about contaminant effects at all levels of the biological hierarchy. Beginning at …

Estuarine fish communities are usually used in an ecological monitoring context to infer the
environmental changes ocurring in estuarine environments. In the present paper several …