▪ Abstract Insecticide resistance is an increasing problem in many insect vectors of disease.
Our knowledge of the basic mechanisms underlying resistance to commonly used …

Insecticide resistance is an inherited characteristic involving changes in one or more insect
gene. The molecular basis of these changes are only now being fully determined, aided by …

The increased urbanization of a growing global population makes imperative the
development of sustainable integrated pest management (IPM) strategies for urban pest …

High insecticide resistance resulting from insensitive acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has
emerged in mosquitoes. A single mutation (G119S of the ace‐1 gene) explains this high …

Mosquitoes in the Culex (Culex) pipiens complex of species, known as vectors of periodic
filariasis and deadly encephalitides, have recently emerged as important vectors of West …

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is the target of two major insecticide families,
organophosphates (OPs) and carbamates. AChE insensitivity is a frequent resistance …

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) insensitive to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides
has been identified as a major resistance mechanism in numerous arthropod species …

Wolbachia symbionts are responsible for various alterations in host reproduction. The effects
of the host genome on endosymbiont levels have often been suggested, but rarely …

Resistance-modified acetylcholinesterases have been described in many insect species
and sequencing of their genes has allowed several point mutations to be described. Most …

Genetic changes conferring adaptation to a new environment may induce a fitness cost in
the previous environment. Although this prediction has been verified in laboratory …