To effectively address the uncertainties inherent in real-world scenarios, various extensions
of set theory have been developed, including Fuzzy Sets, Neutrosophic Sets, and …

The idea of an interval complex neutrosophic soft set (I-CNSS) emerges from the interval
neutro sophic soft set (I-NSS) by the extension of its three membership functions (T, I, F) from …

The second volume of “Advancing Uncertain Combinatorics through Graphization,
Hyperization, and Uncertainization: Fuzzy, Neutrosophic, Soft, Rough, and Beyond” …

Graph theory has been widely studied, resulting in numerous applications across various
felds. Among its many topics, Automata and Graph Grammar have emerged as signifcant …

In this paper, we present a single-valued Neutrosophic Hypersoft set, multi-valued
Neutrosophic Hypersoft set and tangent similarity measure for single-valued neutrosophic …

Objective In pattern recognition and medical diagnosis, similarity measure is an important
mathematical tool. To overcome some disadvantages of existing cosine similarity measures …

Neutrosophic set, initiated by Smarandache, is a novel tool to deal with vagueness
considering the truth-membership T, indeterminacy-membership I and falsity-membership F …

This work investigates the evolution of traditional set theory to address complex and
ambiguous real-world phenomena. It introduces hierarchical hyperstructures and …

The issue of decision-making (DM) is intricate due to the environment's ambiguous,
imprecise, and uncertain nature, particularly when multiple attributes are involved and …

− In this paper, we present some definitions of neutrosophic refined sets such as; union,
intersection, convex and strongly convex in a new way to handle the indeterminate …