The fat body plays major roles in the life of insects. It is a dynamic tissue involved in multiple
metabolic functions. One of these functions is to store and release energy in response to the …

Highlights•Assessing pain in animals is problematic without a distinct definition.•We provide
clear criteria for animal pain that can be used to evaluate if pain occurs.•The empirical …

Trade-offs and constraints are inherent to life, and studies of these phenomena play a
central role in both organismal and evolutionary biology. Trade-offs can be defined …

Yeast cells are often employed in industrial fermentation processes for their ability to
efficiently convert relatively high concentrations of sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide …

Research into the lives of animals in their natural environments has revealed a rich tapestry
of complex social relationships and previously unsuspected social and mating systems. The …

As a result of screening a large number of essential oils from Israeli aromatic plants and their
biologically active constituents, we isolated two oils with high activity against several stored …

Octopamine (OA), a biogenic monoamine structurally related to noradrenaline, acts as a
neurohormone, a neuromodulator and a neurotransmitter in invertebrates. It is present in …

Publisher Summary This chapter updates former reviews on locust polyphenism and also
discusses recent findings. Over 200 articles were published in scientific journals on various …

Lipid metabolism is fundamental to life. In insects, it is critical, during reproduction, flight,
starvation, and diapause. The coordination center for insect lipid metabolism is the fat body …

Trehalose, the non-reducing disaccharide of glucose, is the principal sugar circulating in the
blood or haemolymph of most insects. Resistance to acid hydrolysis and an absence of …