Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) has long been identified with its intensive involvement
in early embryonic development and organogenesis, immune supervision, tissue repair, and …

Melanoma is the most lethal skin cancer that originates from the malignant transformation of
melanocytes. Although melanoma has long been regarded as a cancerous malignancy with …

Lysosomes are degradation centers and signaling hubs in cells and play important roles in
cellular homeostasis, development, and aging. Changes in lysosome function are essential …

Over the past decade, melanoma has led the field in new cancer treatments, with impressive
gains in on-treatment survival but more modest improvements in overall survival. Melanoma …

Metastatic dissemination of solid tumors, a leading cause of cancer-related mortality,
underscores the urgent need for enhanced insights into the molecular and cellular …

Persistent cancer cells are the discrete and usually undetected cells that survive cancer drug
treatment and constitute a major cause of treatment failure. These cells are characterized by …

The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway, which is well studied for its ability to
inhibit cell proliferation in early stages of tumorigenesis while promoting epithelial …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterised by early metastasis and
resistance to anti-cancer therapy, leading to an overall poor prognosis. Despite continued …

Macro (Autophagy) is a catabolic process that relies on the cooperative function of two
organelles: the lysosome and the autophagosome. The recent discovery of a transcriptional …

Cancer treatment with either standard chemotherapy or targeted agents often results in the
emergence of drug-refractory cell populations, ultimately leading to therapy failure. The …