The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has recently emerged
in China and caused a disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The virus …

Tau is well established as a microtubule-associated protein in neurons. However, under
pathological conditions, aberrant assembly of tau into insoluble aggregates is accompanied …

The diversity of nodes in a complex network causes each node to have varying significance,
and the important nodes often have a significant impact on the structure and function of the …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a paralytic and usually fatal disorder caused by motor-
neuron degeneration in the brain and spinal cord. Most cases of ALS are sporadic but about …

Retinoic acid (RA), the major bioactive metabolite of retinol or vitamin A, induces a spectrum
of pleiotropic effects in cell growth and differentiation that are relevant for embryonic …

The poly-l-proline type II (PPII) helix in recent years has emerged clearly as a structural class
not only of fibrillar proteins (in collagen, PPII is a dominant conformation) but also of the …

Traditionally, protein–protein interactions were thought to be mediated by large, structured
domains. However, it has become clear that the interactome comprises a wide range of …

▪ Abstract Sorting of transmembrane proteins to endosomes and lysosomes is mediated by
signals present within the cytosolic domains of the proteins. Most signals consist of short …

Vitamin A or retinol is arguably the most multifunctional vitamin in the human body, as it is
essential from embryogenesis to adulthood. The pleiotropic effects of vitamin A are exerted …

Type IV secretion systems (T4SS) translocate DNA and protein substrates across prokaryotic
cell envelopes generally by a mechanism requiring direct contact with a target cell. Three …