Giardia duodenalis is a unicellular flagellated parasite that infects the gastrointestinal tract of
a wide range of mammalian species, including humans. Investigations of protein and DNA …

IL-9 was first described in the late 1980s as a member of a growing number of cytokines that
had pleiotropic functions in the immune system. Although many biological functions have …

The physical barrier of the intestine and associated mucosal immunity maintains a delicate
homeostatic balance between the host and the external environment by regulating immune …

Mast cells were discovered more than 100 years ago and until recently, have been
considered renegades of the host with the sole purpose of perpetuating allergy. The …

Giardia lamblia is a flagellated protozoan that is the most common cause of intestinal
parasitic infection in children living in resource-limited settings. The pathogenicity of Giardia …

Alteration of the intestinal microbiome by enteropathogens is commonly associated with
gastrointestinal diseases and disorders and has far-reaching consequences for overall …

Giardia intestinalis infection causes enterocytes damage and loss of brush border of the
epithelial cells of the intestine that leads to shortening of microvilli and altered epithelial …

Mast cells are highly effective sentinel cells, found close to blood vessels and especially
common sites of potential infection, such as the skin, airways and gastrointestinal tract. Mast …

Giardia lamblia is a flagellated protozoan that causes watery diarrhea worldwide but the
mechanisms of pathogenicity and the major host defenses against Giardia infection are not …

The intestine serves as an important digestive and the largest immune organ in the body.
Interleukin-6 (IL-6), an important mediator of various pathways, participates in the …