Modularity is now generally recognized as a fundamental feature of organisms, one that may
have profound consequences for evolution. Modularity has recently become a major focus of …

Modularity is a ubiquitous feature of organismal design that plays an important role in
structuring patterns of morphological diversification. Modularity can facilitate evolutionary …

Habitat is one of the most important factors sha** organismal morphology, but it may vary
across life history stages. Ontogenetic shifts in ecology may introduce antagonistic selection …

The relationship between skull morphology and diet is a prime example of adaptive
evolution. In mammals, the skull consists of the cranium and the mandible. Although the …

Recent studies have served to emphasize the unique placement of amphibians, composed
of more than 8000 species, in the evolution of the brain. We provide an overview of the three …

Clarifying how microevolutionary processes scale to macroevolutionary patterns is a
fundamental goal in evolutionary biology, but these analyses, requiring comparative …

The placental skull has evolved into myriad forms, from longirostrine whales to globular
primates, and with a diverse array of appendages from antlers to tusks. This disparity has …

The kinetic skull is a key innovation that allowed snakes to capture, manipulate, and swallow
prey exclusively using their heads using the coordinated movement of eight bones. Despite …

Macroevolution is integral to understanding the patterns of the diversification of life. As the
life sciences increasingly use big data approaches, large multivariate datasets are required …

Evolutionary biology has long striven to understand why some lineages diversify
exceptionally while others do not. Most studies have focused on how extrinsic factors can …