The high selectivity and affinity of antibodies toward their antigens have made them a highly
valuable tool in disease therapy, diagnosis, and basic research. A plethora of chemical and …

Plant pathogens are one of the main factors hindering the breeding of cash crops.
Pathogens, including oomycetes, fungus, and bacteria, secrete effectors as invasion …

Progranulin (PGRN, encoded by the GRN gene) plays a key role in the development,
survival, function, and maintenance of neurons and microglia in the mammalian brain. It …

Cells have a constant turnover of proteins that recycle most amino acids over time. Net loss
is mainly due to amino acid oxidation. Homeostasis is achieved through exchange of …

The Ubiquitin System, Autophagy, and Regulated Protein Degradation | Annual Reviews Menu
Publications AZ Journal Information About Subscribe Give Personal Register/Sign-in 0 Cart …

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small non-coding RNAs (∼ 22 nt in length) that are known as
potent master regulators of eukaryotic gene expression. miRNAs have been shown to play a …

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a chronic skeletal muscle degenerative disease,
which is considered the main cause of low back pain. It seriously affects the quality of life of …

Cells invest in an extensive network of factors to maintain protein homeostasis (proteostasis)
and prevent the accumulation of potentially toxic protein aggregates. This proteostasis …

Proteolysis targeting chimaeras (PROTACs) is a cutting edge and rapidly growing technique
for new drug discovery and development. Currently, the largest challenge in the molecular …

The ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy are the two main proteolytic systems
involved in, among other functions, the maintenance of cell integrity by eliminating misfolded …