When stimuli from the environment are perceived to be a threat or potential threat then
animals initiate stress responses, with activation of the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis …

Optimal functioning of the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is paramount to
maximizing fitness in vertebrates. Research in laboratory mammals has suggested that …

The new fields of ecological immunology and disease ecology have begun to merge, and
the classic fields of immunology and epidemiology are beginning to blend with them. This …

As cities expand worldwide, understanding how species adapt to novel urban habitats will
become increasingly important to conservation. The adrenocortical stress response enables …

Developmental stress can significantly influence physiology and survival in many species.
Mammalian studies suggest that pre-and post-natal stress can have different effects (ie …

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of corticosterone (CORT)
administration on serum ovotransferrin (OVT), α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), ceruloplasmin …

The physiological stress response results in release of glucocorticoid hormones such as
corticosterone (CORT). Whereas short-term activation of this response helps animals cope …

Simple Summary There are many factors that can cause stress in poultry, but one of the most
significant is high temperatures in the environment, which can make production difficult. It is …

Environmental conditions affect growth and development and, through developmental
plasticity, create phenotypic variation. In suboptimal conditions current survival is traded-off …

Birds reduce their food intake by the exposure to high ambient temperature (HT) which
ultimately affects their productivity. However, physiological and behavioral responses of …