Brain development is an extraordinarily complex process achieved through the spatially and
temporally regulated release of key patterning factors. In vitro neurodevelopmental models …

Brain organoids are self-assembled three-dimensional aggregates generated from
pluripotent stem cells with cell types and cytoarchitectures that resemble the embryonic …

Neanderthal brains were similar in size to those of modern humans. We sought to
investigate potential differences in neurogenesis during neocortex development. Modern …

The human brain has undergone substantial change since humans diverged from
chimpanzees and the other great apes,. However, the genetic and developmental programs …

Our ancestors acquired morphological, cognitive and metabolic modifications that enabled
humans to colonize diverse habitats, develop extraordinary technologies and reshape the …

Direct comparisons of human and non-human primate brains can reveal molecular
pathways underlying remarkable specializations of the human brain. However, chimpanzee …

Pluripotent stem cells show a remarkable ability to self-organize and differentiate in vitro in
three-dimensional aggregates, known as organoids or organ spheroids, and to recapitulate …

The cerebral cortex underwent rapid expansion and increased complexity during recent
hominid evolution. Gene duplications constitute a major evolutionary force, but their impact …

INTRODUCTION What determines the pace of embryonic development? Although the
molecular and cellular mechanisms of many developmental processes are evolutionarily …

INTRODUCTION Understanding the genetic differences that make us human is a long-
standing endeavor that requires the comprehensive discovery and comparison of all forms …