The soil microbiome regulates vital ecosystem functions ranging from primary production to
soil carbon sequestration. Yet, we have only begun to understand the factors regulating the …

The net effects of interspecific species interactions on individuals and populations vary in
both sign (−, 0,+) and magnitude (strong to weak). Interaction outcomes are context …

A quantitative approach to species coexistence based on the invasibility criterion has led to
an appreciation of coexistence mechanisms in terms of stabilizing and equalizing …

The origin of biological diversity, via the formation of new species, can be inextricably linked
to adaptation to the ecological environment. Specifically, ecological processes are central to …

Ecological theory predicts that a complex community formed by a number of species is
inherently unstable, guiding ecologists to identify what maintains species diversity in nature …

Predominant frameworks for understanding plant ecology have an aboveground bias that
neglects soil micro-organisms. This is inconsistent with recent work illustrating the …

Most species have one or more natural enemies, eg, predators, parasites, pathogens, and
herbivores, among others. These species in turn typically attack multiple victim species. This …

Understanding how biodiversity affects functioning of ecosystems requires integrating
diversity within trophic levels (horizontal diversity) and across trophic levels (vertical …

Trade‐offs in species performances of different ecological functions is one of the most
common explanations for coexistence in communities. Despite the potential for species …

Efforts to understand the ecological regulation of species diversity via bottom-up approaches
have failed to yield a consensus theory. Theories based on the alternative of top-down …