Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy worldwide and its incidence
has increased dramatically in recent years. In parallel, the prevalence of overweight and …

In mammals, the insulin receptor (IR) gene has acquired an additional exon, exon 11. This
exon may be skipped in a developmental and tissue-specific manner. The IR, therefore …

Insulin is a major regulator of cell metabolism but, in addition, is also a growth factor. Insulin
effects in target cells are mediated by the insulin receptor (IR), a transmembrane protein with …

Background: The incidence of thyroid cancer has increased at an alarming rate in both men
and women in the United States. The etiology of this epidemic is unclear. We tested the …

Interest in insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their effect on carcinogenesis has increased
recently because high serum concentrations of IGF1 are associated with an increased risk of …

The insulin receptor (IR) and the insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) have a highly
homologous structure, but different biological effects. Insulin and IGF-I half-receptors can …

There is evidence, both in vitro and in vivo, that receptor tyrosine kinases play a key role in
the formation and progression of human cancer. In particular, the insulin-like growth factor …

Carrying excess body fat is a leading cause of cancer. Epidemiologic evidence gives strong
clues about the mechanisms that link excess adiposity to risk for several cancer sites. For …

Insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling system, commonly known for fine-tuning
numerous biological processes, has lately made its mark as a much sought-after therapeutic …

There is an increased incidence of thyroid nodules and cancer. In this article, the reasons for
this increase are evaluated and discussed. The factors causing increases in the incidence of …