Abstract The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway plays a crucial role in various
cellular processes and is aberrantly activated in cancers, contributing to the occurrence and …

Having a hypoxic microenvironment is a common and salient feature of most solid tumors.
Hypoxia has a profound effect on the biological behavior and malignant phenotype of …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) features a prominent stromal microenvironment
with remarkable cellular and spatial heterogeneity that meaningfully impacts disease …

Pancreatic cancer is a devastating gastrointestinal cancer characterized by late diagnosis,
limited treatment success and dismal prognosis. Exocrine tumours account for 95% of …

Amino acids are basic nutrients for immune cells during organ development, tissue
homeostasis, and the immune response. Regarding metabolic reprogramming in the tumor …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute a plastic and heterogeneous cell
population of the tumor microenvironment (TME) that can account for up to 50% of some …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common type of pancreatic cancer
featured with high intra-tumoral heterogeneity and poor prognosis. To comprehensively …

Macrophages are critical mediators of tissue homeostasis, with tumours distorting this
proclivity to stimulate proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis. This had led to an interest …

Macrophages are phagocytes that serve as a first line of defense against pathogenic insults
to tissues. These innate immune cells mount proinflammatory responses to pathogens and …

The rising incidence and persistent dismal 5-year overall survival of pancreatic ductal
adenocarcinoma (PDAC) highlight the need for new effective systemic therapies …