The S outh A merican continent is composed of several biogeographical regions harbouring
the highest biodiversity on the globe, encompassing five of the world's biodiversity 'hot …

From the red grouse to the Ethiopian bush-crow, bird populations around the world can
provide us with vital insights into the effects of climate change on species and ecosystems …

The fish faunas of continental South and Central America constitute one of the greatest
concentrations of aquatic diversity on Earth, consisting of about 10 percent of all living …

Aim Capuchin monkey species are widely distributed across Central and South America.
Morphological studies consistently divide the clade into robust and gracile forms, which …

Despite the theoretical link between the ecology and the population genetics of species, little
empirical evidence is available that corroborates the association. Here, we examined …

Abstract Late Pliocene and Pleistocene climatic instability has been invoked to explain the
buildup of Neotropical biodiversity, although other theories date Neotropical diversification …

The Andean uplift played important roles in the historical diversification of Neotropical
organisms, both by producing new high-elevation habitats that could be colonized and by …

Explaining the origins and evolution of Amazonian biodiversity continues to be an
outstanding question in evolutionary biology. A plethora of mechanisms for promoting …

Current understanding of the diversification of birds is hindered by their incomplete fossil
record and uncertainty in phylogenetic relationships and phylogenetic rates of molecular …

Amazonian rivers are usually suggested as dispersal barriers, limiting biogeographic units.
This is evident in a widely accepted Areas of Endemism (AoEs) hypothesis proposed for …