Life on Earth has evolved under the influence of gravity. This force has played an important
role in sha** development and morphology from the molecular level to the whole …

Abstract Space biology provides an opportunity to study plant physiology and development
in a unique microgravity environment. Recent space studies with plants have provided …

Light-emitting diode (LED) technology is paving the way to increase crop production
efficiency with electric lamps. Users can select specific wavelengths to elicit targeted …

The development of a sustainable bio-based economy has drawn much attention in recent
years, and research to find smart solutions to the many inherent challenges has intensified …

Background Spaceflight presents a novel environment that is outside the evolutionary
experience of terrestrial organisms. Full activation of the International Space Station as a …

Tropisms are growth-mediated plant movements that help plants to respond to changes in
environmental stimuli. The availability of water and light, as well as the presence of a …

The stress that the space environment can induce on plant physiology is of both abiotic and
biotic nature. The abiotic space environment is characterized by ionizing radiation and …

Advancements in plant space biology are required for the realization of human space
exploration missions, where the re-supply of resources from Earth is not feasible. Until a few …

Plant biology experiments in real and simulated microgravity have significantly contributed
to our understanding of physiology and behavior of plants. How do plants perceive …

Phototropism allows plants to align their photosynthetic tissues with incoming light. The
direction of incident light is sensed by the phototropin family of blue light photoreceptors …