Photosynthetic water oxidation by Photosystem II (PSII) is a fascinating process because it
sustains life on Earth and serves as a blue print for scalable synthetic catalysts required for …

The endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria during eukaryogenesis has long been viewed as
an adaptive response to the oxygenation of Earth's surface environment, presuming a …

The timing of early cellular evolution, from the divergence of Archaea and Bacteria to the
origin of eukaryotes, is poorly constrained. The ATP synthase complex is thought to have …

From bacteria to plants and humans, the glutathione system plays a pleiotropic role in cell
defense against metabolic, oxidative and metal stresses. Glutathione (GSH), the γ-L …

Photosystem II is the water-oxidizing and O2-evolving enzyme of photosynthesis. How and
when this remarkable enzyme arose are fundamental questions in the history of life that …

The rate of primary productivity is a keystone variable in driving biogeochemical cycles
today and has been throughout Earth's past. 1 For example, it plays a critical role in …

Two records of Earth history capture the evolution of life and its co-evolving ecosystems with
interpretable fidelity: the geobiological and geochemical traces preserved in rocks and the …

The photorespiratory repair pathway (photorespiration in short) was set up from ancient
metabolic modules about three billion years ago in cyanobacteria, the later ancestors of …

Oxygenic photosynthesis is arguably the most important biological innovation in Earth's
history, facilitating the transition to a habitable planet for complex life. Dating the emergence …

Significance: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a multitasking potent regulator that facilitates plant
growth, development, and responses to environmental stimuli. Recent Advances: The …