In the coming years and decades, advanced space-and ground-based observatories will
allow an unprecedented opportunity to probe the atmospheres and surfaces of potentially …

In the mid‐1970s, it was recognized that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were strong
greenhouse gases that could have substantial impacts on radiative forcing of climate …

This assessment provides a comprehensive update of the effects of changes in stratospheric
ozone and other factors (aerosols, surface reflectivity, solar activity, and climate) on the …

Abstract The Northern Hemisphere (NH) polar winter stratosphere of 2019/2020 featured an
exceptionally strong and cold stratospheric polar vortex. Wave activity from the troposphere …

Abstract Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measurements show that chemical
processing was critical to the observed record‐low Arctic stratospheric ozone in spring 2020 …

The Montreal Protocol is working, but it will take several decades for ozone to return to 1980
levels. The atmospheric concentrations of ozone depleting substances are decreasing, and …

Human activity has led to increased atmospheric concentrations of many gases, including
halocarbons, and may lead to emissions of many more gases. Many of these gases are, on …

Climate models are essential to understand and project climate change, yet long‐standing
biases and uncertainties in their projections remain. This is largely associated with the …

Global Climate is one chapter from the State of the Climate in 2022 annual report and is
available from https://doi. org/10.1175/BAMS-D-23-0090.1. Compiled by NOAA's National …

Abstract We use Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) trace gas measurements to
investigate whether water vapor (H2O) injected into the stratosphere by the Hunga Tonga …