Alcohol is one of the most widely consumed psychoactive drugs globally. Hazardous
drinking, defined by quantity and frequency of consumption, is associated with acute and …

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) involve testing genetic variants across the
genomes of many individuals to identify genotype–phenotype associations. GWAS have …

Behaviors and disorders related to self-regulation, such as substance use, antisocial
behavior and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, are collectively referred to as …

Humans vary substantially in their willingness to take risks. In a combined sample of over 1
million individuals, we conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of general risk …

Liability to alcohol dependence (AD) is heritable, but little is known about its complex
polygenic architecture or its genetic relationship with other disorders. To discover loci …

Polygenic indexes (PGIs) are DNA-based predictors. Their value for research in many
scientific disciplines is growing rapidly. As a resource for researchers, we used a consistent …

Little is known about the genetic architecture of traits affecting educational attainment other
than cognitive ability. We used genomic structural equation modeling and prior genome …

Steep delay discounting is characterized by a preference for small immediate outcomes
relative to larger delayed outcomes and is predictive of drug abuse, risky sexual behaviors …

Personality traits are the relatively enduring patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviors that
reflect the tendency to respond in certain ways under certain circumstances. Twin and family …

Highlights•Delay discounting (DD) indicates choice between smaller, sooner and larger,
later reinforcers.•DD modulates the risk of substance use disorder, other disorders, and …