As an essential organelle in nucleated eukaryotic cells, mitochondria play a central role in
energy metabolism, maintenance of redox balance, and regulation of apoptosis …

Neurodegeneration leads to the loss of structural and functioning components of neurons
over time. Various studies have related neurodegeneration to a number of degenerative …

The reactive oxygen species (ROS) form under normal physiological conditions and may
have both beneficial and harmful role. We search the literature and current knowledge in the …

Epigenetic regulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is an emerging and fast-develo**
field of research. Compared to regulation of nucler DNA, mechanisms of mtDNA epigenetic …

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of many diseases. The retrograde signaling initiated
by dysfunctional mitochondria can bring about global changes in gene expression that alters …

Mitochondria, the cell's major energy producers, also act as signaling hubs, interacting with
other organelles both directly and indirectly. Despite having its own circular genome, the …

The redox state of the chloroplast and mitochondria, the two main powerhouses of
photosynthesizing eukaryotes, is maintained by a delicate balance between energy …

Abstract Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase, NDU) and complex IV (cytochrome-c-oxidase,
COX) of the mitochondrial electron transport chain have been implicated in the …

Carnitine is a conditionally essential nutrient that plays a vital role in energy production and
fatty acid metabolism. Vegetarians possess a greater bioavailability than meat eaters …

Autophagy, which is responsible for removing damaged molecules, prevents their
accumulation in cells, thus maintaining intracellular homeostasis. It is also responsible for …