Does the brain use a firing rate code or a spike timing code? Considering this controversial
question from an epistemological perspective, I argue that progress has been hampered by …

Our concepts of sound localization in the vertebrate brain are widely based on the general
assumption that both the ability to detect air-borne sounds and the neuronal processing are …

“Neural coding” is a popular metaphor in neuroscience, where objective properties of the
world are communicated to the brain in the form of spikes. Here I argue that this metaphor is …

Mammals exhibit remarkable capability of detecting and localizing sound sources in
complex acoustic environments by using binaural cues in the spiking manner. Emulating the …

Spatial hearing, and more specifically the ability to localize sounds in space, is one of the
most studied and best understood aspects of hearing. Because there is no coding of …

Highlights•Computational models will prove increasingly useful for understanding large
datasets.•Substantial challenges exist for fitting detailed models to data.•Conceptual and …

Sound localization critically depends on detection of differences in arrival time of sounds at
the two ears (acoustic delay). The fundamental mechanisms are debated, but all proposals …

Many mammals, including humans, are exquisitely sensitive to tiny time differences between
sounds at the two ears. These interaural time differences are an important source of …

Spatial hearing evolved independently in mammals and birds and is thought to adapt to
altered developmental input in different ways. We found, however, that ferrets possess …

Auditory cortex is required for sound localisation, but how neural firing in auditory cortex
underlies our perception of sound sources in space remains unclear. Specifically, whether …