In urban environments, decentralized energy systems from renewable photovoltaic
resources, clean and available, are gradually replacing conventional energy systems as an …

In the last decades, 3D city models appear to have been predominantly used for
visualisation; however, today they are being increasingly employed in a number of domains …

The level of detail (LOD) concept of the OGC standard CityGML 2.0 is intended to
differentiate multi-scale representations of semantic 3D city models. The concept is in …

The solar energy potential of urban buildings is important for China's sustainable economic
development. Previous studies have focused on creating regional solar maps or estimating …

Solar energy is the most clean renewable energy source and has good prospects for future
sustainable development. Installation of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems on building rooftops …

Decentralized solar PhotoVoltaic (PV) is one of the most promising energy sources for cities
and individuals pursuing energy self-sufficiency. Especially, the already available rooftop …

A 3D model communicates more effectively than a 2D model, hence the applications of 3D
city models are rapidly gaining significance in urban studies. However, presently, there is a …

The use of solar energy has shown the fastest global growth of all renewable energy
sources. Efforts towards careful evaluation are required to select optimal locations for the …

Shade provided by trees, shrubs and other vegetation serves as a natural umbrella to
mitigate insolation absorbed by features of the urban environment, especially building …

While error propagation in GIS is a topic that has received a lot of attention, it has not been
researched with 3D GIS data. We extend error propagation to 3D city models using a Monte …