Evapotranspiration (ET)—the distribution and partitioning of which is strongly mediated by
vegetation—is central to the water, energy and carbon cycles. In this Review, we examine …

Green water—terrestrial precipitation, evaporation and soil moisture—is fundamental to
Earth system dynamics and is now extensively perturbed by human pressures at continental …

Drought is one of the most difficult natural hazards to quantify and is divided into categories
(meteorological, agricultural, ecological and hydrological), which makes assessing recent …

Terrestrial ecosystems are essential for food and water security and CO2 uptake. Ecosystem
function is dependent on the availability of soil moisture, yet it is unclear how climate change …

Global land water underpins livelihoods, socioeconomic development, and ecosystems. It
remains unclear how water availability has changed in recent decades. Using an ensemble …

Drylands are an essential component of the Earth System and are among the most
vulnerable to climate change. In this Review, we synthesize observational and modelling …

There is strong evidence that climate change will increase drought risk and severity, but
these conclusions depend on the regions, seasons, and drought metrics being considered …

Vegetation greenness has been increasing globally since at least 1981, when satellite
technology enabled large-scale vegetation monitoring. The greening phenomenon, together …

A central role for nature-based solution is to identify optimal management practices to
address environmental challenges, including carbon sequestration and biodiversity …

The geography and timing of changes in water availability under climate change are of
considerable societal interest. Characterizing these changes in a robust and meaningful …