Atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) disease (ASCVD) incidence and mortality rates are
declining in many countries in Europe, but it is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality …

Chronic kidney disease is a progressive disease with no cure and high morbidity and
mortality that occurs commonly in the general adult population, especially in people with …

or therapeutic medical strategies. However, the ESC Guidelines do not override in any way
whatsoever the individual responsibility of health professionals to make appropriate and …

Health professionals are encouraged to take the Guidelines fully into account when
exercising their clinical judgment, as well as in the determination and the implementation of …

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been regarded as a hallmark of diabetic cardiomyopathy. In
addition to their canonical metabolic actions, mitochondria influence various other aspects of …

Heart failure and related morbidity and mortality are increasing at an alarming rate, in large
part, because of increases in aging, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. The clinical outcomes …

W 2011 roku ESC opublikowało pierwsze wytyczne dotyczące rozpoznawania i leczenia
chorób tętnic obwodowych (PAD)[1]. Ta publikacja wypełniła ważną lukę wśród wytycznych …

The management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is becoming increasingly complex.
Sodium–glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are the newest antidiabetic …

The coexistence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and heart failure (HF), either with
reduced (HFrEF) or preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), is frequent (30–40% of patients) …

Summary 415 million people live with diabetes worldwide, and an estimated 193 million
people have undiagnosed diabetes. Type 2 diabetes accounts for more than 90% of patients …