Climatic extremes are becoming increasingly common against a background trend of global
warming. In the oceans, marine heatwaves (MHWs)—discrete periods of anomalously warm …

Marine foundation species are the biotic basis for many of the world's coastal ecosystems,
providing structural habitat, food, and protection for myriad plants and animals as well as …

Ocean and coastal ecosystems support life on Earth and many aspects of human well-being.
Covering two-thirds of the planet, the ocean hosts vast biodiversity and modulates the global …

BACKGROUND Anthropogenic climate change is altering the structure and functioning of
ecosystems globally. The upper layers of the oceans have absorbed> 90% of the excess …

Climatic variability has been acquiring an extensive consideration due to its widespread
ability to impact food production and livelihoods. Climate change has the potential to …

The ocean is warming, losing oxygen and being acidified, primarily as a result of
anthropogenic carbon emissions. With ocean warming, acidification and deoxygenation …

Ocean temperature variability is a fundamental component of the Earth's climate system, and
extremes in this variability affect the health of marine ecosystems around the world. The …

Spatial and temporal patterns of future coral bleaching are uncertain, hampering global
conservation efforts to protect coral reefs against climate change. Our analysis of daily …

Ocean warming, primarily resulting from the escalating levels of greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere, leads to a rise in the temperature of the Earth's oceans. These gases act as …

Urbanization and industrial development are increasing rapidly. These are accompanied by
problems of population explosion, encroachment of agricultural, and construction lands …