We live in a world where there are countless interactions with computer systems in every-
day situations. In the most ideal case, this interaction feels as familiar and as natural as the …

The most complete, focused guide to MPEG-4--the breakthrough standard for interactive
multimedia. The comprehensive, focused, up-to-the-minute guide to MPEG-4 Practical …

This paper presents an overview of some of the synthetic visual objects supported by MPEG-
4 version-1, namely animated faces and animated arbitrary 2D uniform and Delaunay …

Virtual humans have become a hot research topic in recent years due to the development of
AI technology and computer graphics. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive review of …

Reconstructinga 3D face from a single image is a crucial task in numerous multimedia
applications. Face images with ground-truth 3D face shapes are scarce, so unsupervised …

Methods to assess individual facial actions have potential to shed light on important
behavioral phenomena ranging from emotion and social interaction to psychological …

In the framework of MPEG-4, one can include applications where virtual agents, utilizing
both textual and multisensory data, including facial expressions and nonverbal speech help …

This paper provides a comprehensive survey on the techniques for human facial modeling
and animation. The survey is carried out from two different perspectives: facial modeling …

Since the pioneering work of Frederic I. Parke [1] in 1972, significant research efforts have
been attempted to generate realistic facial modeling and animation. The most ambitious …

Intelligent virtual characters has been subject to exponential growth in the last decades and
they are utilized in many application areas such as education, training, human-computer …