Cancer is a multi-step disease caused by the accumulation of genetic mutations and/or
epigenetic changes, and is the biggest challenge around the world. Cytokines, including …

Simple Summary Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy caused by aberrant
plasma cell proliferation in the bone marrow (BM) and constitutes the second most common …

Multiple myeloma (MM, plasma cell myeloma) is a malignant hematologic disease
characterized by the clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells. The treatment of MM has …

Chemokines mediate numerous physiological and pathological processes related primarily
to cell homing and migration. The chemokine CXCL12, also known as stromal cell-derived …

Chemokine (CXC motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) is a key factor for tumor growth and metastasis
in several types of human cancer including multiple myeloma (MM). Proof-of-concept of …

CXCR 4 is a G‐protein‐coupled receptor that mediates recruitment of blood cells toward its
ligand SDF‐1. In cancer, high CXCR 4 expression is frequently associated with tumor …

CXCR4 is a pleiotropic chemokine receptor which acts through its ligand CXCL12 to
regulate diverse physiological processes. CXCR4/CXCL12 axis plays a pivotal role in …

Abstract Purpose 18 F-FDG PET/CT has some limitations in the evaluation of multiple
myeloma (MM). Since chemokine receptor-4 is overexpressed in MM, we perform a …

Extra-medullary disease (EMD) in multiple myeloma (MM) is associated with poor prognosis
and resistance to chemotherapy. However, molecular alterations that lead to EMD have not …

Over the past two decades, the natural history of multiple myeloma (MM) has evolved
dramatically, owing primarily to novel agents targeting MM in the bone marrow …