Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has stimulated tremendous
efforts to develop therapeutic strategies that target severe acute respiratory syndrome …

The outbreak of COVID-19 has become a global crisis, and brought severe disruptions to
societies and economies. Until now, effective therapeutics against COVID-19 are in high …

Conformational dynamics of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-
CoV-2) spike glycoprotein (S) mediate exposure of the binding site for the cellular receptor …

Transport of water across cell membranes is a fundamental process for important biological
functions. Herein, we focused our research on a new type of symmetrical saccharide rim …

SUMMARY SARS‐CoV‐2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease (COVID)‐19, has
become a persistent global health threat. Individuals who are symptomatic for COVID‐19 …

Sialic acid is a kind of monosaccharide expressed on the non-reducing end of glycoproteins
or glycolipids. It acts as a signal molecule combining with its natural receptors such as …

The spike protein on sarbecovirus virions contains two external, protruding domains: an N-
terminal domain (NTD) with unclear function and a C-terminal domain (CTD) that binds the …

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has further raised concerns about viral
transmission. A fundamental understanding of the intermolecular interactions between the …

Pathogenic viruses constitute a hazard factor to public hygiene. The usage of biosensors for
instant screening of viruses is becoming increasingly prevalent due to their ultrafast …

Multiple recent reports indicate that the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 specifically interacts with
membrane receptors and attachment factors other than ACE2. They likely have an active …