Salivarian trypanosomes are extracellular parasites that affect humans, livestock, and game
animals around the world. Through co-evolution with the mammalian immune system …

African trypanosomes show a remarkable ability to survive as extracellular parasites in the
blood and tissue spaces of an infected mammal. Throughout the infection they are exposed …

African trypanosomes are extracellular pathogens of mammals and are exposed to the
adaptive and innate immune systems. Trypanosomes evade the adaptive immune response …

Salivarian trypanosomes are extracellular protozoan parasites causing infections in a wide
range of mammalian hosts, with Trypanosoma evansi having the widest geographic …

African trypanosomes are pathogens for humans and livestock. They are single‐cell, extra‐
cellular parasites that cause persistent infections of the blood and induce profound …

We studied IL‐4, IL‐10 and IFN‐γ secretion by splenocytes and the plasma levels of different
isotypes of antibodies against various antigens of Trypanosoma congolense in highly …

Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies to the variant surface glycoproteins (VSG) of African
trypanosomes are the first and predominant class of anti-trypanosomal antibodies in the …

Antibodies to the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) are required for the control of African
trypanosomes infecting the blood, whereas infections of the skin by low numbers of …

We have put emphasis on recent findings in experimental Trypanosoma congolense
infections in highly susceptible BALB/c and relatively resistant C57Bl/6 mice. Based on …

Salivarian trypanosomes are extracellular parasites causing anthroponotic and zoonotic
infections. Anti-parasite vaccination is considered the only sustainable method for global …