Cachexia, a systemic wasting condition, is considered a late consequence of diseases,
including cancer, organ failure, or infections, and contributes to significant morbidity and …

Abstract Purpose of Review Skeletal muscle and bone are connected anatomically and
physiologically, and play a crucial role in human locomotion and metabolism. Historically …

Ageing increases susceptibility to neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's
disease (AD). Serum levels of sclerostin, an osteocyte-derived Wnt–β-catenin signalling …

Together, loss-and gain-of-function experiments have identified the bone-derived secreted
molecule osteocalcin as a hormone with a broad reach in rodents and primates. Following …

The bone remodelling cycle replaces old and damaged bone and is a highly regulated,
lifelong process essential for preserving bone integrity and maintaining mineral …

The skeleton is a dynamic organ that is constantly remodeled. Proteins secreted from bone
cells, namely osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts exert regulation on …

Characterized by a surplus of whole-body adiposity, obesity is strongly associated with the
prognosis of atherosclerosis, a hallmark of coronary artery disease (CAD) and the major …

Clear evidence indicates that cytokines, for instance, adipokines, hepatokines, inflammatory
cytokines, myokines, and osteokines, contribute substantially to the development of …

Bone secretory proteins, termed osteokines, regulate bone metabolism and whole-body
homeostasis. However, fundamental questions as to what the bona fide osteokines and their …

The tumor microenvironment plays a critical regulatory role in cancer progression, especially
in central nervous system metastases. Cancer cells within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) …