The effects of climate change on biodiversity are increasingly well documented, and many
methods have been developed to assess species' vulnerability to climatic changes, both …

At the close of the Fourth International Polar Year, we take stock of the ecological
consequences of recent climate change in the Arctic, focusing on effects at population …

Current predictions of extinction risks from climate change vary widely depending on the
specific assumptions and geographic and taxonomic focus of each study. I synthesized …

Co-management institutional arrangements have an important role in creating conditions for
social learning and adaptation in a rapidly changing Arctic environment, although how that …

Background Changes in Earth's climate over time can be measured in many ways. The
different metrics available represent alternative dimensions of climate change, each with …

Climate change is impacting virtually all marine life. Adaptation strategies will require a
robust understanding of the risks to species and ecosystems and how those propagate to …

Sea ice in the Arctic is one of the most rapidly changing components of the global climate
system. Over the past few decades, summer areal extent has declined over 30%, and all …

Ocean ecosystems have responded and will continue to respond to climate changes of
different rates, magnitudes, and durations (virtually certain). Human societies depend on …

The vast scope of conservation problems has forced biologists and managers to rely on"
surrogate" species to serve as shortcuts to guide their decision making. These species …

Marine megafauna, the largest animals in the oceans, serve key roles in ecosystem
functioning. Yet, one-third of these animals are at risk of extinction. To better understand the …