Salt stress is a major environmental stress that affects plant growth and development. Plants
are sessile and thus have to develop suitable mechanisms to adapt to high-salt …

Protein kinases are major players in various signal transduction pathways. Understanding
the molecular mechanisms behind plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses has …

Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important phytohormone regulating plant growth, development,
and stress responses. It has an essential role in multiple physiological processes of plants …

Ionic stress is one of the most important components of salinity and is brought about by
excess Na+ accumulation, especially in the aerial parts of plants. Since Na+ interferes with …

Content Summary 414 I. Introduction 415 II. Ca2+ importer and exporter in plants 415 III. The
Ca2+ decoding toolkit in plants 415 IV. Mechanisms of Ca2+ signal decoding 417 V …

Calcium (Ca 2+) serves as an essential nutrient as well as a signaling agent in all
eukaryotes. In plants, calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) are a unique group of Ca 2+ …

Drought is a severe environmental constraint, which significantly affects plant growth,
productivity, and quality. Plants have developed specific mechanisms that perceive the …

Intracellular potassium homeostasis is a prerequisite for the optimal operation of plant
metabolic machinery and plant's overall performance. It is controlled by K+ uptake, efflux …

Potassium is the major cation responsible for the maintenance of the ionic environment in
plant cells. Stable potassium homeostasis is indispensable for virtually all cellular functions …

Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates numerous developmental processes and adaptive stress
responses in plants. Many ABA signaling components have been identified, but their …