Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a common heart disease and the leading cause of
cardiovascular death. Apoptosis and autophagy are two forms of programmed cell deaths …

Myocardial infarction is one of the primary causes of mortality in patients with coronary heart
disease worldwide. Early treatment of acute myocardial infarction restores blood supply of …

Heart failure is a common, lethal condition whose pathogenesis is poorly understood.
Recent studies have identified low levels of myocyte apoptosis (80–250 myocytes per 105 …

Acute myocardial infarction causes lethal injury to cardiomyocytes during both ischaemia
and reperfusion (IR). It is important to define the precise mechanisms by which they die in …

Apoptosis plays an important role in the myocardial loss after acute myocardial infarction
and participates in the process of subsequent left ventricular remodeling and development …

Recent studies indicate that, in addition to necrosis, apoptosis also plays a role in the
process of tissue damage after myocardial infarction, which has pathological and …

The serine-threonine kinase Akt seems to be central in mediating stimuli from different
classes of receptors. In fact, both IGF-1 and IL6-like cytokines induce hypertrophic and …

Caspases are a family of proteases that play critical roles in controlling inflammation and cell
death. Apoptosis is a caspase-3 mainly controlled behavior to avoid inflammation and …

Reperfusion of ischemic myocardium is required for tissue survival; however, reperfusion
elicits pathologic consequences. Myocardial reperfusion injury is a multifarious process that …

Background—Heat-shock proteins (Hsps) have been shown to render cardioprotection from
stress-induced injury; however, little is known about the role of another small heat-shock …