There is now strong evidence of progressive neuropathological processes in bipolar
disorder (BD). On this basis, the current understanding of the neurobiology of BD has shifted …

Lithium has been used for the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) for the last sixty or more
years, and recent studies with more reliable designs and updated guidelines have …

Despite decades of research, the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD) is still not well
understood. Structural brain differences have been associated with BD, but results from …

Illness staging is widely utilized in several medical disciplines to help predict course or
prognosis, and optimize treatment. Staging models in psychiatry in general, and bipolar …

BACKGROUND: Recent genetic results have indicated that the two major, classically distinct
forms of psychosis–schizophrenia and bipolar disorder–may share causative factors in …

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are severe psychiatric diseases with
overlap** symptomatology. Widespread brain morphologic abnormalities, including …

From a neurobiological perspective there is no such thing as bipolar disorder. Rather, it is
almost certainly the case that many somewhat similar, but subtly different, pathological …

Both major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder are the subject of a voluminous
imaging and genetics literature. Here, we attempt a comprehensive review of MRI and …

Objectives Bipolar disorder (BD) is a debilitating illness, the psychopathology of which is
associated with aberrant structural and functional differences in the brain. Despite the many …

Bipolar I disorder (BD) has a poorer longer-term outcome than previously thought, with
persistent cognitive impairment and functional decline. The neurobiological underpinnings …