Adaptation is increasing across all sectors globally. Yet, the effectiveness of adaptation is
inadequate, and examples of maladaptation are increasing. To reduce the risk of …

To respect the Paris agreement targeting a limitation of global warming below 2° C by 2100,
and possibly below 1.5° C, drastic reductions of greenhouse gas emissions are mandatory …

The current food system (production, transport, processing, packaging, storage, retail,
consumption, loss and waste) feeds the great majority of world population and supports the …

Executive summary Land and climate interact in complex ways through changes in forcing
and multiple biophysical and biogeochemical feedbacks across different spatial and …

Executive Summary The Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use1 (AFOLU) sector
encompasses managed ecosystems and offers significant mitigation opportunities while …

The expansion of agroforestry could provide substantial climate change mitigation (up to
0.31 Pg C yr− 1), comparable to other prominent natural climate solutions such as …

A census of the biomass on Earth is key for understanding the structure and dynamics of the
biosphere. However, a global, quantitative view of how the biomass of different taxa …

Abstract The Paris Agreement introduced an ambitious goal of limiting warming to 1.5° C
above pre-industrial levels. Here we combine a review of modelled pathways and literature …

Better stewardship of land is needed to achieve the Paris Climate Agreement goal of holding
warming to below 2° C; however, confusion persists about the specific set of land …

Carbon stocks in vegetation have a key role in the climate system,,,. However, the
magnitude, patterns and uncertainties of carbon stocks and the effect of land use on the …