The effectiveness of learner–content interaction in online inquiry depends on the extent
student cognitive presence can be fostered. This study sought to understand how scaffolding …

The inquiry-based learning model can facilitate students' understanding of scientific
concepts. Scientific epistemological beliefs (SEBs) are related to students' beliefs about the …

The identification of students' mental models is crucial in understanding their knowledge of
scientific concepts. This research aimed to develop a Mental Models Representation …

Teaching materials can increase efficiency in learning environments. One type of materials
with proven effectiveness is interactive e-books. Interactive e-books based on certain …

This study aims to determine the effect of the application of the Search, Solve, Create, and
Share (SSCS) learning model to the mathematical reflective thinking skills and the students' …

Purpose This study aims to present a scaffolding framework incorporating sophisticated
technology that can inform instructional design to support student inquiry learning in the self …

Background Since the early 20th century, research has been conducted on how to ensure
optimal learning. With the develo** and changing technology, different teaching …

Many studies have found that good science process skills are correlated with understanding
of concepts. Based on observations, many students have low understanding and processing …

This study aimed to examine the effect of inquiry-scaffolding on critical thinking skills and
conceptual understanding. The research design used was a mixed-method embedded …

In this research, we examined the effect of the prediction-observation-explanation (POE)
method on learning of image formation by a plane mirror and pre-service teachers' opinions …