Some 20 years ago, the study of picornaviral RNA translation led to the characterization of
an alternative mechanism of initiation by direct ribosome binding to the 5′ UTR. By using a …

All replication-competent retroviruses contain three main reading frames, gag, pol and env,
which are used for the synthesis of structural proteins, enzymes and envelope proteins …

Clonal expansion of HIV-infected cells contributes to the long-term persistence of the HIV
reservoir in ART-suppressed individuals. However, the contribution from cell clones that …

Abstract RNA helicase A (RHA) is a highly conserved DEAD-box protein that activates
transcription, modulates RNA splicing and binds the nuclear pore complex. The life cycle of …

JunD is a versatile AP-1 transcription factor that can activate or repress a diverse collection
of target genes. Precise control of junD expression and JunD protein–protein interactions …

Translational repression and mRNA degradation are two major mechanisms for post‐
transcriptional regulation of gene expression. The detailed relationship between these two …

HIV-1 Rev is an~ 13 kD accessory protein expressed during the early stage of virus
replication. After translation, Rev enters the nucleus and binds the Rev response element …

Despite its poorly adapted codon usage, HIV-1 replicates and is expressed extremely well in
human host cells. HIV-1 has recently been shown to package non-lysyl transfer RNAs …

Retroviruses have evolved multiple strategies to direct the synthesis of a complex proteome
from a single primary transcript. Their mechanisms are modulated by a breadth of virus-host …

Initiation of translation of the full-length messenger RNA of HIV-1, which generates the viral
structural proteins and enzymes, is cap-dependent but can also use an internal ribosome …