Artificial spin ices consist of nanomagnets arranged on the sites of various periodic and
aperiodic lattices. They have enabled the experimental investigation of a variety of …

Traditionally, the primary field, where curvature has been at the heart of research, is the
theory of general relativity. In recent studies, however, the impact of curvilinear geometry …

The simplicity of hard spheres as a model system is deceptive. Although the particles
interact solely through volume exclusion, that nevertheless suffices for a wealth of static and …

DOI: 10.1002/adma. 201604262 radiance, lighting, and temperature and represent a
potentially new class of adaptive energy-saving building envelopes.[30–32] To control the …

Frustration, the presence of competing interactions, is ubiquitous in the physical sciences
and is a source of degeneracy and disorder, which in turn gives rise to new and interesting …

Lithographic processing and film growth technologies are continuing to advance, so that it is
now possible to create patterned ferroic materials consisting of arrays of sub-1 μm elements …

Recent advances in nanotechnology allow model systems to be constructed, in which
frustrated interactions can be tuned at will, such as artificial spin ice. The symmetry of the …

Geometric frustration, the inability of an ordered system to find a unique ground state plays a
key role in a wide range of systems. We present a new experimental approach to observe …

Colloidal dispersions have been studied for decades as a result of their utility in numerous
applications and as models for molecular and atomic condensed phases. More recently, a …

We study the thermal relaxation of artificial spin ice with photoemission electron microscopy,
and are able to directly observe how such a system finds its way from an energetically …