The present paper addresses driving mechanisms of global monsoon (GM) variability and
outstanding issues in GM science. This is the second synthesis of the PAGES GM Working …

In the last two decades, stalagmite oxygen isotope (δ 18 O) records have been widely used
to study the evolution of the paleomonsoon. Nevertheless, interpreting cave δ 18 O records …

Climate changes across the past 24,000 years provide key insights into Earth system
responses to external forcing. Climate model simulations, and proxy data,,,,–have …

Global climate change varies greatly in different regions, so it is necessary to
comprehensively analyze climate change in different regions through different indicators …

Speleothem oxygen isotope records have revolutionized our understanding of the paleo
East Asian monsoon, yet there is fundamental disagreement on what they represent in terms …

Oxygen isotope speleothem records exhibit coherent variability over the pan-Asian summer
monsoon (AM) region. The hydroclimatic representation of these oxygen isotope records for …

Abrupt climate changes during the last glacial period have been detected in a global array of
palaeoclimate records, but our understanding of their absolute timing and regional …

Despite the fact that the response of tropical hydroclimate to North Atlantic cooling events
during the Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1) has been extensively studied in African, South American …

While Asian monsoon (AM) changes have been clearly captured in Chinese speleothem
oxygen isotope (δ18O) records, the lack of glacial-interglacial variability in the records …

Urbanism in the Bronze-age Indus Civilisation (~ 4.6–3.9 thousand years before the present,
ka) has been linked to water resources provided by large Himalayan river systems, although …