Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of small peptides that widely exist in nature and
they are an important part of the innate immune system of different organisms. AMPs have a …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during oxidative metabolism in aerobic
organisms. Under normal conditions, ROS production and elimination are in a relatively …

Amphibian declines and extinctions are emblematic for the current sixth mass extinction
event. Infectious drivers of these declines include the recently emerged fungal pathogens …

Amphibian skin is a mucosal surface in direct and continuous contact with a microbially
diverse and laden aquatic and/or terrestrial environment. As such, frog skin is an important …

Greater than 70% of the world's amphibian species are in decline. We propose that there is
probably not a single cause for global amphibian declines and present a three-tiered …

Probiotic therapy through bioaugmentation is a feasible disease mitigation strategy based
on growing evidence that microbes contribute to host defences of plants and animals …

Like all other vertebrate groups, amphibian responses to the environment are mediated
through the brain (hypothalamic)-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal (HPA/I) axis and the …

The Anthropocene is characterized by a widespread biodiversity crisis that is rivaling
prehistoric mass extinctions. Amphibians are the most threatened class of vertebrates. In …

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are produced for defense in nearly all taxa from simple
bacteria to complex mammalian species. Some amphibian families have developed this …

Just over a million people died globally in 2019 due to antibiotic resistance caused by
ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella …