The most potent toxins secreted by pathogenic bacteria contain enzymatic moieties that
must reach the cytosol of target cells to exert their full toxicity. Toxins such as anthrax …

Abstract pHLIPs are a family of soluble∼ 36 amino acid peptides, which bind to membrane
surfaces. If the environment is acidic, a pHLIP folds and inserts across the membrane to form …

Classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations provide unmatched spatial and time
resolution of protein structure and function. However, the accuracy of MD simulations often …

Bacterial AB toxins are secreted key virulence factors that are internalized by target cells
through receptor-mediated endocytosis, translocating their enzymatic domain to the cytosol …

In the current study, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to investigate the
structural and dynamical properties of glucose-based Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) at …

The translocation (T)-domain plays a key role in the action of diphtheria toxin and is
responsible for transferring the catalytic domain across the endosomal membrane into the …

Protonation of key histidine residues has been long implicated in the acid-mediated cellular
action of the diphtheria toxin translocation (T-) domain, responsible for the delivery of the …

Fluorescence spectroscopy provides numerous methodological tools for structural and
functional studies of biological macromolecules and their complexes. All fluorescence …

Fluorescence techniques have become powerful and widely used tools for studies of
biochemical and biophysical processes occurring in biological membranes. Various …

The translocation (T) domain of diphtheria toxin plays a critical role in moving the catalytic
domain across the endosomal membrane. Translocation/insertion is triggered by a decrease …