Successful goal-directed behavior requires not only correct action selection, planning, and
execution but also the ability to flexibly adapt behavior when performance problems occur or …

Drug addiction and obesity appear to share several properties. Both can be defined as
disorders in which the saliency of a specific type of reward (food or drug) becomes …

Understanding how the brain computes value is a basic question in neuroscience. Although
individual studies have driven this progress, meta-analyses provide an opportunity to test …

The ability to resist the urge to eat requires the proper functioning of neuronal circuits
involved in top-down control to oppose the conditioned responses that predict reward from …

Self-regulatory failure is a core feature of many social and mental health problems. Self-
regulation can be undermined by failures to transcend overwhelming temptations, negative …

Impulsive people have a strong urge to act without thinking. It is sometimes regarded as a
positive trait but rash impulsiveness is also widely present in clinical disorders such as …

Humans and animals prefer immediate over delayed rewards (delay discounting). This
preference for smaller-but-sooner over larger-but-later rewards shows substantial …

Memory is an essential element to adaptive behavior since it allows consolidation of past
experience guiding the subject to consider them in future experiences. Among the …

Both drug addiction and obesity can be defined as disorders in which the saliency value of
one type of reward (drugs and food, respectively) becomes abnormally enhanced relative to …

Distortions in time perception and timed performance are presented by a number of different
neurological and psychiatric conditions (eg Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, attention …